This section contains the detail about the Java Iterator.
Java Iterator
To cycle through the elements in Collection, you can use iterator which is an object that implements either the Iterator or the ListIterator interface. Iterator enables you to cycle through a collection, obtaining or removing elements. ListIterator extends Iterator to allow bidirectional traversal of a list, and the modification of elements. ListIterator is available only to those collections that implement the List interface.
By using this iterator object, you can access each element in the collection, one element at a time.
To cycle through the element in the Collection follow these steps :
Obtain an iterator to the start of the collection by calling the collection's iterator( ) method.
Set up a loop that makes a call to hasNext( ). Have the loop iterate as long as hasNext( ) returns true.
Within the loop, obtain each element by calling next( ).
Methods of Iterator
| Methods | Description |
| boolean hasNext( ) | Returns true if there are more elements. Otherwise, returns false. |
| Object next( ) | Returns the next element. Throws NoSuchElementException if there is not a next element. |
| void remove( ) | Removes the current element. Throws IllegalStateException if an attempt is made to call remove( ) that is not preceded by a call to next( ). |
Methods of ListIterator
| Methods | Description |
| void add(Object obj) | Inserts obj into the list in front of the element that will be
returned by the next call to next( ). |
| boolean hasNext( ) | Returns true if there is a next element. Otherwise, returns false. |
| boolean hasPrevious( ) | Returns true if there is a previous element. Otherwise, returns false. |
| Object next( ) | Returns the next element. A NoSuchElementException is thrown if
there is not a next element. |
| int nextIndex( ) | Returns the index of the next element. If there is not a next
element, returns the size of the list. |
| Object previous( ) | Returns the previous element. A NoSuchElementException is thrown if
there is not a previous element. |
| int previousIndex( ) | Returns the index of the previous element. If there is not a
previous element, returns -1. |
| void remove( ) | Removes the current element from the list. An IllegalStateException
is thrown if remove( ) is called before next( ) or previous( ) is invoked. |
| void set(Object obj) | Assigns obj to the current element. This is the element last
returned by a call to either next( ) or previous( ). |
Example :
In below example, we are using Iterator and ListIterator to cycle through ArrayList object :
import java.util.*;
public class IteratorExample {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String args[]) {
// Create an array list
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
// add elements to the array list
al.add("C");
al.add("A");
al.add("E");
al.add("B");
al.add("D");
al.add("F");
// Use iterator to display contents of al
System.out.print("Original contents of al: ");
Iterator itr = al.iterator();
while (itr.hasNext()) {
Object element = itr.next();
System.out.print(element + " ");
}
System.out.println();
// Modify objects being iterated
ListIterator litr = al.listIterator();
while (litr.hasNext()) {
Object element = litr.next();
litr.set(element + "+");
}
System.out.print("Modified contents of al: ");
itr = al.iterator();
while (itr.hasNext()) {
Object element = itr.next();
System.out.print(element + " ");
}
System.out.println();
// Now, display the list backwards
System.out.print("Modified list backwards: ");
while (litr.hasPrevious()) {
Object element = litr.previous();
System.out.print(element + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Output :
|
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_18\bin>javac IteratorExample.java C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_18\bin>java IteratorExample Original contents of al: C A E B D F Modified contents of al: C+ A+ E+ B+ D+ F+ Modified list backwards: F+ D+ B+ E+ A+ C+ |
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